We all know there is a correct dosage of medicine for treating an illness just as there is the right amount of exercise for developing physical fitness. The minimum amount of exercise for developing physical fitness is called the threshold of training. The fitness target zone is the optimal amount of physical activity. There is new evidence that the threshold for performance improvement differs from the threshold for achieving some health benefits of physical activity. It is also true that the amount of exercise necessary for maintaining fitness may differ from the amount needed to develop it.